Math Functions

 Return to the Index
ABS | ACOS | ACOSH | ASIN | ASINH | ATAN | ATAN2 | ATANH | CEILING | COMBIN | COS | COSH | DEGREES | EVEN | EXP | FACT | FLOOR | INT | LN | LOG | LOG10 | MOD | ODD | PI | POWER | PRODUCT | QUOTIENT | RADIANS | RAND | RANDBETWEEN | ROUND | ROUNDDOWN | ROUNDUP | SIGN | SIN | SINH | SQRT | SUBTOTAL | SUM | SUMPRODUCT | SUMSQ | TAN | TANH | TRUNC

ABS
Returns the absolute value of a number.

Syntax:

ABS(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

abs(-3.2) equals 3.2
ACOS
Returns the arc cosine of a number. The returned angle is in the range 0 to pi.

Syntax:

ACOS(number)

Number is any real number from -1 to 1.

Example:

acos(0) equals 1.5707963267948966
ACOSH
Returns the hyperbolic arc cosine of a number.

Syntax:

ACOSH(number)

Number is any real number greater than or equal to 1.

Example:

acosh(1) equals 0.0
ASIN
Returns the arc sine of a number. The returned angle is in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.

Syntax:

ASIN(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

asin(1) equals 1.5707963267948966
ASINH
Returns the hyperbolic arc sine of a number.

Syntax:

ASINH(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

asinh(1) equals 0.8813735870195429
ATAN
Returns the arc tangent of a number. The returned angle is in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.

Syntax:

ATAN(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

atan(1) equals 0.7853981633974483
ATAN2
Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar (r, theta) and returns the angle theta. The returned angle is in the range -pi to pi.

Syntax:

ATAN2(x, y)

x is any real number.
y is any real number.

Example:

atan2(0, 1) equals 1.5707963267948966
ATANH
Returns the hyperbolic arc tangent of a number.

Syntax:

ATANH(number)

Number is any real number between 1 and -1.

Example:

atanh(0.5) equals 0.5493061443340548
CEILING
Returns the number rounded up (away from zero) to the nearest multiple of significance.

Syntax:

CEILING(number,significance)

Number is any real number to be rounded.
Significance is any real number which is the multiple to which the number is rounded.

Example:

ceiling(1.5, 1) equals 2.0

ceiling(1.532, .01) equals 1.54

ceiling(1.53, .05) equals 1.55
COMBIN
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of items.

Syntax:

COMBIN(number,number)

Number is the total number of items.
Number_chosen is the number of items in each combination.

Example:

combin(3, 2) equals 3
COS
Returns the cosine of an angle.

Syntax:

COS(number)

Number is the angle in radians.

Example:

COS(PI()/2) equals 0
COSH
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

Syntax:

COSH(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

COSH(1) equals 1.543080634815244
DEGREES
Converts radians into degrees.

Syntax:

DEGREES(number)

Number is the angle in radians.

Example:

degrees(pi()) equals 180.0
EVEN
Returns the number rounded up (away from zero) to the nearest even number.

Syntax:

EVEN(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

even(3) equals 4.0

even(-3) equals -4.0
EXP
Returns e raised to the power of a number.

Syntax:

EXP(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

exp(2) equals 7.38905609893065
FACT
Returns the factorial of a number.

Syntax:

FACT(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

fact(11) equals 39916800
FLOOR
Returns the number rounded down (toward zero) to the nearest multiple of significance.

Syntax:

FLOOR(number,significance)

Number is any real number.
Significance is any real number which is the multiple to which the number is rounded.

Example:

floor(0.234, 0.01) equals 0.23
INT
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

Syntax:

INT(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

int(-2.3) equals -3.0
LN
Returns the natual logrithm of a number.

Syntax:

LN(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

ln(2) equals 0.6931471805599453
LOG
Returns the logrithm of a number to the specified base.

Syntax:

LOG(number, base)

Number is any real number.
Base is the base of the logrithm.

Example:

log(4, 2) equals 2.0
LOG10
Returns the base 10 logrithm of a number.

Syntax:

LOG10(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

log10(122) equals 2.086359830674748
MOD
Returns the modulus which is the remainder after doing an integer division.

Syntax:

MOD(number, divisor)

Number is any real number to be divided from which the remainder comes from.
Divisor is the number to divide by.

Example:

mod(-3, 2) equals 1
ODD
Returns the number rounded up (away from zero) to the nearest odd number.

Syntax:

ODD(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

odd(-3) equals -3.0
PI
Returns the mathematical constant PI.

Syntax:

PI()

Example:

pi() equals 3.14159265358979
POWER
Returns the number raised to the specified power.

Syntax:

POWER(number,power)

Number is any real number.
Power is the exponent.

Example:

power(4.2, 2) equals 17.64
PRODUCT
Multiplies all of the arguments together and returns the result.

Syntax:

PRODUCT(number1, ...)

Number1, ... is the list of numbers to multiply.

Example:

product(3, 4, 9) equals 108.0
QUOTIENT
Returns the result of an integer division. The remainder is thrown away.

Syntax:

QUOTIENT(number, divisor)

Number is any real number to be divided.
Divisor is the number to divide by.

Example:

quotient(3,2) equals 1
RADIANS
Converts degrees into radians.

Syntax:

RADIANS(number)

Number is an angle in degrees.

Example:

radians(270) equals 4.71238898038469
RAND
Returns a pseudorandom number with approximately uniform distribution greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. A new random number is generated on each call.

Syntax:

RAND()

Example:

rand(1) equals 1
RANDBETWEEN
Returns a random integer between and including the integers you specify. A new random integer is generated on each call.

Syntax:

RANDBETWEEN(min, max)

Min is smallest integer to be returned.
Max is largest integer to be returned.

Example:

randbetween(3, 5) equals 4
ROUND
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. If two values are equally close, the number is rounded away from zero.

Syntax:

ROUND(number,digits)

Number is any real number.
Digits is any integer.

  • If 0, then the number is rounded to the closest integer.
  • If > 0, then the number is rounded to the given decimal place.
  • If < 0, then the number is rounded to the given place left of the decimal.

Example:

round(21.5, -1) equals 20.0
ROUNDDOWN
Rounds a number down (toward zero).

Syntax:

ROUNDDOWN(number,digits)

Number is any real number.
Digits is any integer.

  • If 0, then the number is rounded to the closest integer.
  • If > 0, then the number is rounded to the given decimal place.
  • If < 0, then the number is rounded to the given place left of the decimal.

Example:

rounddown(31415.92654, -2) equals 31400.0
ROUNDUP
Rounds a number up (away from zero).

Syntax:

ROUNDUP(number,digits)

Number is any real number.
Digits is any integer.

  • If 0, then the number is rounded to the closest integer.
  • If > 0, then the number is rounded to the given decimal place.
  • If < 0, then the number is rounded to the given place left of the decimal.

Example:

roundup(31415.92654, -2) equals 31500.0
SIGN
Returns an integer indicating the sign of a number. Returns 1 if the number is positive, zero (0) if the number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative.

Syntax:

SIGN(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

sign(-3) equals -1
SIN
Returns the sine of an angle.

Syntax:

SIN(number)

Number is the angle in radians.

Example:

SIN(PI()/2) equals 1
SINH
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.

Syntax:

SINH(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

SINH(1) equals 1.1752011936438016
SQRT
Returns the square root of a number.

Syntax:

SQRT(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

sqrt(0.5) equals 0.7071067811865476
SUBTOTAL
Calculates the given subtotal function on all of the arguments and returns the result.

Syntax:

SUBTOTAL(function_num,number1, ...)

function_num is number from 1 to 11 indicating which function to use to calculate the subtotal.

Function_numFunction
1 AVERAGE
2 COUNT
3 COUNTA
4 MAX
5 MIN
6 PRODUCT
7 STDEV
8 STDEVP
9 SUM
10 VAR
11 VARP

Number1, ... is the list of numbers to add.

Example:

subtotal(3, 4, 9) equals 16.0
SUM
Adds all of the arguments together and returns the result.

Syntax:

SUM(number1, ...)

Number1, ... is the list of numbers to add.

Example:

sum(3, 4, 9) equals 16.0
SUMPRODUCT
Multiplies corresponding elements in the given arrays, and returns the sum of those products.

Syntax:

SUMPRODUCT(array1, ...)

Array1, ... is the list of arrays to multiply.

Example:

sumproduct(A1:A3, B1:B3)
SUMSQ
Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments.

Syntax:

SUMSQ(number1, ...)

Number1, ... is the list of numbers.

Example:

sumsq(3, 4, 9) equals 106.0
TAN
Returns the tangent of an angle.

Syntax:

TAN(number)

Number is the angle in radians.

Example:

TAN(1) equals 1.5574077246549023
TANH
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

Syntax:

TANH(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

TANH(1) equals 0.7615941559557649
TRUNC
Rounds a number down (toward zero) to the nearest integer. This truncates the number by removing the decimal part. This is the same as rounddown() and similar to int() except int on negative numbers rounds to a smaller integer.

Syntax:

TRUNC(number)

Number is any real number.

Example:

trunc(pi()) equals 3
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